VectorStar MS4640A Series Microwave Vector Network Analyzers (VNAs) : Appendix A — Vector Network Analyzer Primer : Instrument Description
 
Instrument Description
The VectorStar MS4640A Series VNA is a self-contained, fully integrated measurement system that includes an optional time domain capability. The system hardware consists of the following:
Analyzer
Precision components required for calibration and performance verification
The VectorStar MS4640A-Series VNA internal system modules perform the following functions:
Source Module
This module provides the stimulus to the device under test (DUT). The frequency range of the source and test set modules establish the frequency range of the system. The frequency stability of the source is an important factor in the accuracy (especially phase accuracy) of the network analyzer. Hence, the MS4640A-Series VNA always phase locks the source to an internal 10 MHz crystal reference.
Test Set Module
The test set module routes the stimulus signal to the DUT and samples the reflected and transmitted signals. The type of connector used is important, as is the “Auto Reversing” feature. Auto Reversing means that it applies the stimulus signal in both the forward and reverse direction. The direction is reversed automatically. This saves you from having to reverse the test device physically to measure all four scattering parameters (S-parameters). Frequency conversion occurs in the test set module.
Analyzer Module
The analyzer module receives, and interprets the 3rd IF signal for phase and magnitude data. It then displays the results of this analysis on a large color display. This display can show all four S-parameters simultaneously. In addition to the installed display, you can also view the measurement results on an external color monitor.