Select displays the DIELECTRIC menu and allows the user to select from pre-defined dielectric materials or create the value for a user-defined material.
Select toggles Spur Reduction off and on. Turning Spur Reduction ON eliminates the effect of spurious signals being reflected back from DUTs such as deep stop-band filters, which will cause a decrease in dynamic range. Spur Reduction ON turns off the unused test receiver during each S-parameter measurement, thus requiring 4 sweeps to measure all 4 S-parameters.
Select toggles impedance transformation off and on.
Port Number (Port 1/Port 2)
When the VNA is in 2-Port Mode, select toggles between Port 1 or Port 2.
When the VNA is in 4-Port Mode, select displays the SELECT PORT dialog box with large easy-to-select buttons. Selecting a port auto-returns to the IMPED. TRANSF. menu.
Resistive Term (Ohms)
Select displays the Resistive Term field toolbar and allows the user to define the resistive term in Ohms. The default value is 50.000 ohms.
Reactive Term (j) (Ohms)
Select displays the Reactive Term field toolbar and allows the user to define the reactive (j) term in Ohms.
The Select By toggle button changes between Select Reference Plane By Port and Select Reference Plane By Trace. When the selection is changed, the name of the next button changes as:
• Select By = Port: The button below is set to Select Port. If Port is selected, reference plane adjustments are on a per-port basis.
• Select By = Trace: The button below is set to Select Trace. If Trace is selected, reference plane adjustments are on a per-trace basis.
Select Port (Port 1/Port 2)
This button is only present when the Select By button above is set to Port. If present, when the VNA is in 2-Port Mode, select toggles between Port 1 or Port 2. If present, when the VNA is in 4-Port Mode, select displays the SELECT PORT (REFERENCE PLANE) dialog box with large easy-to-select buttons. Selecting a port auto-returns to the REFERENCE PLANE menu.
Select Trace
This button is only present when the Select By button above is set to Trace. If present, the reference plane adjustments available in the buttons and toolbars following can be modified on a per-trace basis. Selecting the button displays the large SELECT TRACE Dialog Box (below) where the trace number can be selected. After a trace is selected, the focus auto-returns to the REFERENCE PLANE menu.
Auto (Reference Plane)
The Auto button automatically extends the test port location by removing the effects of the electrical delay of a device. If selected, the button dims until the calibration step is complete, when the button returns to normal appearance.
Distance (Reference Plane)
Select displays the Distance field toolbar. Allows the user to enter a distance in units of km (kilometers), m (meters), cm (centimeters), mm (millimeters), or um (micrometers).
Time (Reference Plane)
Select displays the Time field toolbar. Allows the user to enter a reference time in units of s (seconds), ms (milliseconds), us (microseconds), ns (nanoseconds), or ps (picoseconds).
Phase Offset (Degrees) (Reference Plane)
Select displays the Phase Offset field toolbar. Allows the user to enter a phase offset in degrees from –360º (degrees) to +360º in 0.01º increments.
Loss (dB) (Reference Plane)
Displays the Loss (dB) field toolbar. Allows the user to enter a loss factor in dB.
• MAIN | Measurement | MEASUREMENT | Post-Processing Order | PROCESSING ORDER
PROCESSING ORDER Menu
Reference Plane Order Button Selection Group
The two buttons in the Reference Plane area of the PROCESSING ORDER menu form a button group where selection of one button de-selects the other button.
Imped. Transform Before Reference Plane
Select sets the processing order to first process the impedance transformation and then process the reference plane data. Click Back to return to the MEASUREMENT menu.
Reference Plane Before Imped. Transform
Select sets the processing order to first process the reference plane data and then process the impedance transformation. Click Back to return to the MEASUREMENT menu.
Group Delay Order Button Selection Group
The two buttons in the Group Delay area of the PROCESSING ORDER menu form a button group where selection of one button de-selects the other button.
Trace Math Before Group Delay
Select sets the processing order to first process the trace math data and then process the group delay data. Click Back to return to the MEASUREMENT menu.
Group Delay Before Trace Math
Select sets the processing order to first process the group delay data and then process the trace math data. Click Back to return to the MEASUREMENT menu.
The dialog box allows user setup of the embedding/de-embedding for the DUT. The available parameters for each dialog box area are described below.
VNA Port Configuration
The available port list depends if the VNA is in 2-Port Mode or in 4-Port Mode. Port 3 and/or Port 4 are only available if the VNA is in 4-Port Mode:
• Port 1
• Port 2
• Port 3
• Port 4
• Ports 1,2
• Ports 1,3
• Ports 1,4
• Ports 2,3
• Ports 3,4
Embedding/De-embedding Radio Buttons
The configuration can be set to either embedding or de-embedding.
• Embedding
• De-embedding
Create 2 Port Network
Allows user selection of one of four types 2-Port Networks:
• L Circuit
• C Circuit
• R Circuit
• Trans. (Transmission) Line
• S2P File
Once an option above has been selected, other sub-options, described in the sections below, are available.
L Circuit Selected in Create 2 Port Network
If L Circuit is selected above in Create 2 Port Network, the L Circuit area appears with the following options:
• Radio button selections for L(S) or L(P)
• Input field for Inductance (nH)
C Circuit Selected in Create 2 Port Network
If C Circuit is selected above in Create 2 Port Network, the C Circuit area appears with the following options:
• Radio button selections for C(S) or C(P)
• Input field for Capacitance (pF)
R Circuit Selected in Create 2 Port Network
If R Circuit is selected above in Create 2 Port Network, the R Circuit area appears with the following options:
• Radio button selections for R(S) or R(P)
• Input field for Resistance (Ohms)
Trans. Line Circuit Selected in Create 2 Port Network
If Trans. Line is selected above in Create 2 Port Network, the Transmission Line area appears with the following options:
• Input field for Impedance (Ohms)
• Input field for Length (mm) or Calculator icon
• The transmission line length can be directly input in millimeters.
• If the Calculator icon is selected, the AIR EQUIVALENT LENGFTH CONVERSION (from ps to mm) dialog appears. Enter the length in ps, enter dielectric constant, calculate equivalent air equivalent length, obtain the air equivalent length in millimeters. Click OK. The calculated value is entered into the Length field.
• Input field for Loss (dB/mm)
• Input field for @ Frequency (GHz)
• Input field for Dielectric constant:
• Provides menu selections for Air (1.000649), Polyethylene (2.26), Teflon (2.10), Microporous Teflon (1.69), Other.
• If other is selected, an Other input field is provided for a user-defined dielectric constant.
S2P File Selected in Create 2 Port Network
If S2P File is selected above in Create 2 Port Network, the following options are available:
• The Load S2P file button appears. Select displays the OPEN (Display S2P File) dialog box to allow the user to navigate to a previously saved S2P file. Once a file is selected, its path and file names appears in the field next to the button.
• Swap Port Assignment Check Box. Normally, the network’s Port 2 will be nearer the DUT. If the Swap Port check box is selected, the port assignments are swapped.
Add/Change Network
As each network is configured, select the Add/Change Network button to add it to the Embedding/De-embedding Table. The newest configured networks are entered closest to the Test Port.
To modify or delete a network, delete the network in the Embedding/De-embedding Table. The Modify Network and Delete Network buttons become available. Use the Clear All button to clear all entries. Use the Print Table button to output a network table to a connected printer.
When all network changes are made, select Apply and then Close. On the EMBEDDING menu, select Save Setting to store the network configuration.
• MAIN | Measurement | MEASUREMENT | Line Type | LINE TYPE Dialog Box
LINE TYPE Dialog Box - Coaxial, Non-Dispersive, Microstrip, or Waveguide
Line Type Selection Area
The Line Type Selection area allows user choice of four (4) different line types:
• Coaxial
• Select causes the Coaxial/Non-Dispersive Line Type Area (described below) to appear.
• Non-Dispersive
• Select causes the Coaxial/Non-Dispersive Line Type Area to appear.
• Microstrip
• Select causes the Microstrip Parameters Area (described below) to appear.
• Waveguide
• Select causes the Waveguide Line Type Area (described below) to appear.
The options and selectable parameters for each option are described in the sections below.
Coaxial or Non-Dispersive Line Types Area
If Coaxial or Non-Dispersive line type is selected, the Coaxial/Non-Dispersive Parameters area appears with a button selection group and selections of:
• Air (1.000649)
• Polyethylene (2.26)
• Teflon (2.1)
• Micr. Teflon (Microporous Teflon) (1.69)
• Other.
• If other is selected, a field appears allowing user entry of a line type dielectric parameter between 0 (zero) and 99.
Microstrip Parameters Area
If Microstrip line type is selected, the Microstrip Parameters button appears (shown below at left). Clicking Microstrip Parameters displays an additional dialog with areas for Microstrip Parameters and Effective Dielectric (shown below at right).
LINE TYPE Dialog Box - Microstrip Selected
1. Line Type Selector Area – Microstrip Selected 2. Microstrip Parameters Area – Microstrip Parameters for User-Defined Values
Microstrip Params Area
Thesystem default microstrip parameters are displayed:
• Strip width (mm): 0.23876
• Impedance (Ω): 50
• Substrate thickness (mm): 0.254
• Substrate dielectric: 9.96
To change a value, click in the field, and then enter the required parameter value.
Effective Dielectric Area
In the Effective Dielectric Area of the dialog box, select one of the two options:
• Use recommended value
• Define own value. If Define own value was selected, click in the field and enter the required dielectric value.
Click OK to close the Microstrip Parameters Area.
Waveguide Line Type Area
If Waveguide line type is selected, the Waveguide Parameters Area appears.
LINE TYPE Dialog Box -Waveguide Selected - Waveguide Parameters Area
Waveguide Parameters Area
Cut-off Frequency (GHz):
• User entry field
Dielectric value:
• User entry field
Applying Line Type Changes
1. After making a selection, you must click the Apply button to apply the changes made and then click Close.
2. On the MEASUREMENT menu, the read-only Line Type and Dielectric buttons show the entered values.
3. Clicking Close without clicking Apply abandons any changes and returns to the MEASUREMENT menu with the prior current instrument setting.
• MAIN | Measurement | MEASUREMENT | Dielectric | DIELECTRIC
DIELECTRIC Menu
The Other button must be selected to make the Other Value button and its related Field Toolbar available.
DIELECTRIC Menu Button Selection Group
The DIELECTRIC menu variably displays five (5) or six (6) buttons that are all members of a button selection group. If any single button is selected, the other buttons are deselected.
If the Other (Dielectric) button is selected, a sixth button, Other Value (Dielectric) appears at the bottom of the menu and allows the user to enter a user-defined dielectric constant.
The dielectric material selected here is displayed in the MEASUREMENT menu in the read-only Dielectric button field.
After selecting a dielectric value, click Back to return to the MEASURMENT menu.
Air (1.000649) (Dielectric)
Select sets the dielectric as air (1.000649) and de-selects Polyethylene, Teflon, Micr. Teflon, and Other.
Polyethylene (2.26) (Dielectric)
Select sets the dielectric as polyethylene (2.26) and de-selects Air, Teflon, Micr. Teflon, and Other.
Teflon (2.1) (Dielectric)
Select sets the dielectric as Teflon (2.1) and de-selects Air, Polyethylene, Micr. Teflon, and Other.
Micr. Teflon (1.69) (Dielectric)
Select sets the dielectric as Microporous Teflon (1.69) and de-selects Air, Polyethylene, Teflon, and Other.
Other (Dielectric)
Select sets the dielectric as Other (Dielectric) and de-selects Air, Polyethylene, Teflon, and Micr. Teflon. Select also displays the Other Value (Dielectric) button at the bottom of the menu.
Other Value (Dielectric)
The Other Value (Dielectric) button only appears if the Other button (above) has been selected. Once the Other Value (Dielectric) button is available, select displays the Other Value (Dielectric) field toolbar for entry of a user-defined dielectric constant.
