VectorStar™ MS464xB Series Microwave Vector Network Analyzer Calibration and Measurement Guide : Adapter Removal Calibrations and Network Extraction
 
Adapter Removal Calibrations and Network Extraction
 
Introduction
Two Related Sets of Reference Planes
Caveats and Limitations
Performing an Adapter Removal
Example Adapter Removal
Adapter Removal with AutoCal
MF AutoCal Unit With M-M or F-F Reference Planes
M-M or F-F AutoCal Unit With MF Reference Planes
Network Extraction
Overview
Type A Network Extraction
Type B Network Extraction
Type B Network Extraction—Full Standards
Type B Network Extraction—Flex Standards (with Option 21)
Type C Network Extraction
Type D Network Extraction
Type D Network Extraction—Multi Standards (with Option 21)
Type D Network Extraction—Phase Localized (with Option 21)
Sequential Extraction—Peeling (with Option 21)
Uncertainty and Sensitivity
Enforced Passivity and Causality
Passivity
Causality
Summary
Introduction
This chapter describes various methods for handling cases of non-insertable DUTs. In some coaxial cases, this can be handled with a special class of adapter removal calibrations. More generally, de-embedding can be used to remove the effects of fixtures or adapters required to execute the measurement. The de-embedding process itself will be covered in a later chapter, but the means of evaluating the network to be de-embedded will be addressed here.
While it is usually desired to perform a 2-port calibration with mating connectors of the same type, this is sometimes not possible based on the connectors of the device to be tested. Examples of this include:
The DUT has one N port and one GPC–3.5 port
The DUT has two female SMA ports and it is not desired to use a non-zero length thru
The DUT has one fixtured port and one SMA port
The DUT has one waveguide port and one coaxial port
What these examples share is that completing the thru line between the effective test ports requires some kind of adapter or fixture. Since the adapter has some phase length, loss, and mismatch, its effects should be removed for a high quality calibration. Adapter removal is a utility to characterize this adapter and remove its effects from a calibration.
In the more general case of de-embedding, a means of determining the network to be de-embedded must be available. Techniques similar to adapter removal, that is a measurement using one or more calibrations, can be used to extract these parameters. As such, network extraction can be viewed as a generalization of adapter removal.