Primary Cal Menu, Sub-Menus and Dialog Boxes – 2-Port VNAs
CALIBRATION [TR] Menu – Port VNAs
Use the Calibration menu to setup calibration options, configure AutoCal and cal kit characterization files, and to configure and run calibration routines.
The CALIBRATION menu is not available when using the Spectrum Analysis application.
Full Name
Calibration [Transmission-Reflection]
The name of the CALIBRATION menu is appended with [TR] for transmission/reflection operational mode. The instrument operation mode is set on the Application Menu. See Application Menus – Overview.
The Cal Status toggle button displays the calibration status based on the last calibration run.
If not calibrated, Cal Status cannot be changed from OFF and a calibration run must be successfully completed before the status can be changed.
If calibrated, Cal Status status can be toggled between OFF and ON. If ON, the Channel Status bar at the bottom of the display area shows a status of CORR in green.
Calibrate
Use the Calibrate button to start the AutoCal or manual calibration process. Options on sub-menus allow for selection of automatic or manual calibration, calibration type, calibration method, line type and other calibration parameters. Select displays the CALIBRATE menu.
Thru update is a calibration refreshing technique where the user connects a thru line and quickly refreshes the transmission tracking and load match terms without the time and complexity of a full calibration run. The thru update is essentially a one-step refresh calibration for Full 2 Port and 1 Path-2 Port calibrations.
Select displays the THRU UPDATE menu. If the Thru Update button is not available, a Full 2-Port or 1 Path-2 Port calibration is not active.
CALIBRATION Menu – 2-Port VNAs – with IMDView Active
When IMDView is active (IMDView™), selecting Calibration from Main Menu opens a modified Calibration [IMD] menu. Use the Calibration menu to select the driver port, perform normalization calibrations, and to turn normalization calibration on or off. Normalization calibrations are used to compute input-referred versions of IMD parameters tone power and intercept point and for tone gain computations.
• Option 44 installed on the VNA, and Application Menu Transmission/Reflection mode activated, and IMDView is ON.
Navigation
• MAIN | Calibration | CALIBRATION [IMD]
CALIBRATION Menu – 2-Port VNAs with IMDView Active
Driver Port
Displays driver port number (Port 1 or Port 2).
Perform Normalization Calibration
Select initiates normalization calibration for IMDView measurements.
Normalization Cal.
Select toggles normalization calibration ON or OFF.
ON Applies the normalization calibration to the measurement.
CALIBRATION Menu – Noise Figure
When Noise Figure is active (see Noise Figure (Option 41) or Differential Noise Figure (Option 48)), selecting Calibration from Main Menu opens a modified Calibration [Noise Figure] menu. Use the Calibration menu to perform noise calibrations, which remove the noise added by the composite receiver chain(s).
CALIBRATION Menu – Noise Figure – Option 41
CALIBRATION Menu – Noise Figure – Option 48 with 2-Port DUT Configuration
CALIBRATION Menu – Noise Figure – Option 48 with 4-Port DUT Configuration
CALIBRATE Menu – 2-Port VNAs
Use the CALIBRATE menu to start the AutoCal or manual calibration process. Sub-menus within each category allow selection of calibration parameters, calibration types, calibration methods, line types, and test port connectors.
Select displays the Harmonic Sweep dialog box. This selection is available only when Frequency Sweep (Linear) mode is selected from the SWEEP TYPES Menu.
When in Frequency Sweep (Linear) mode, selecting Harmonic Sweep Setup from the Calibrate menu opens the dialog below. This is available only with the VNA in Frequency Sweep (Linear) mode.
By using Harmonic Sweep, a harmonic frequency list for calibration enables low pass time domain processing for TDR (Time Domain Reflectometer)-like displays and improved time resolution.
Two of the three parameters (Start Frequency or Number of Points or Stop Frequency) must be selected in order to set the harmonic sweep. The value of the third parameter is adjusted according to the other two.
Even with one free parameter, the entered numbers may not be consistent with a harmonic sweep. Pressing the Calculate button will coerce values to make a valid harmonic sweep and allow the user to fine tune values before leaving the dialog.
THRU UPDATE Menu – 2-Port VNAs
The THRU UPDATE menu is a completion button menu. When the through update calibration procedure is complete, the button is annotated with a completion checkmark as shown in the figure below.
• The Thru Update button on the CALIBRATION menu is not available unless a Full 2-Port or Transmission Freq. Response, or a 1 Path-2 Port calibration (AutoCal or manual) has been successfully completed.
When all calibrations are successfully completed, the Done button is available. Select returns to the CALIBRATION menu and the Cal Status button is set to ON.
The CAL OPTIONS menu and related sub-menus provide access to advanced calibration options either before or after a calibration procedure has been completed.
• MAIN | Calibration | CALIBRATION | Cal Options | CAL OPTIONS
CAL OPTIONS (CALIBRATION OPTIONS) Menu (1 of 2)
Flexible Cal Status (Off/On)
Read only display button. Flexible calibration is the ability to select a sub-set of a currently active calibration status. For example, if a Full 2 Port calibration has been completed, flexible calibration allows the calibration to be reduced to a Transmission Frequency Response calibration. Select toggles flexible calibration off and on.
Interpolation allows additional interpolated measurement points between calibrated measurement points. This is useful if the user wants to zoom into a specific area without having to recalibrate the instrument. The interpolated points must lie within the calibration frequency points. Select toggles interpolation OFF and ON with a default state of OFF.
Apply Isolation (Off/On)
If this button is unavailable, isolation calibration was not performed. The isolation calibration procedure is started by a button on the calibration type menu.
If this button is available, isolation calibration was performed, and select toggles isolation calibration OFF and ON.
Sec. Match Correction (Off/On)
Secondary Match Correction provides a calibration enhancement that reduces high-spatial‑frequency ripple by removing the effects of the multiple reflection paths within a DUT. Default value is OFF. This feature only applies for full-term calibrations, 1p2p and TFR. This function has no effect when an appropriate calibration is not applied, when the frequency range is too small (~< 2GHz), the step size is too large (~>1 GHz) or for certain very irregular segmented sweep setups. See the Measurement Guide for more details.
Display Cal Data (On/Off)
When turned on, the Display Cal Data function enables the use of a previous calibration to provide a real-time quasi-corrected view of the current standard being measured. Select toggles Display Cal Data OFF and ON. The default state is ON.
Update On Rev. Sweep (On/Off)
When turned on, updates display data only on the reverse sweep. When turned off, updates display data on every sweep. This feature is only available on 2 port systems and is only used when a full 2-port RF cal is applied. Select toggles Update On Rev. Sweep ON and OFF. The default state is OFF.
FLEXIBLE CAL SETUP Dialog Box – 2-Port VNAs
Use the Flexible Cal Setup dialog box to define a calibration sub-set of the currently active calibration.
The flexible calibration setup feature makes it possible to select a subset of the S-Parameters to be corrected from the available full-term calibration.
Procedure
1. Perform the necessary full-term calibration.
2. On the CAL OPTIONS menu, select Flexible Cal Setup.
• MAIN | Calibration | CALIBRATION | Cal Options | CAL OPTIONS | Flexible Cal Setup
• The FLEXIBLE CAL SETUP dialog box appears.
3. Select the necessary S-Parameters in any combination as long as one S-Parameter is selected:
• S11
• S12
• S21
• S22
4. Select the Apply Selection button to apply the calibration.
5. Select Close to close the dialog box and return to the CAL OPTIONS menu.
6. If Full Term Cal (By Port) is selected above, the area label is Port Selections (Full Term) with available options of:
• Port 1 and/or
• Port 2
7. If Reflection Only (By Port) is selected above, the area label is Port Selections (Reflection Only) with the available options of:
• Port 1 and/or
• Port 2
8. If Customize Cal (By S-Param) is selected, the S-Param Selections area appears with S-Parameter selection check boxes. Select any combination of:
• S11
• S21
• S12
• S22
9. Select Apply Selection to apply the selections.
10. Select Close to close the dialog without saving the selections.
CAL KIT/AUTOCAL Menu – 2-Port VNAs
Use the CAL KIT/AUTOCAL menu to install, save, and restore calibration kit characterization files between an external memory device, the instrument firmware, and a hard drive on the instrument or on a network.
• MAIN | Calibration | CALIBRATION | Cal Kit/AutoCal Characterization | CAL KIT/AUTOCAL
CAL KIT/AUTOCAL Menu – 2-Port VNAs
Install Kit/Charac.
Select loads the Calibration Kit file or AutoCal Characterization file from the hard drive or external memory device into the VNA firmware through the INSTALL (AutoCal Characterization/Cal Kit File) dialog box.
Select saves the Cal Kit or AutoCal Characterization file from the firmware to the location of choice (typically the instrument hard drive) for later use through the SAVE (AutoCal Characterization/Cal Kit) File dialog box.
Use the INSTALL (AUTOCAL CHARACTERIZATION/CAL KIT) dialog box to install the calibration kit coefficients file or AutoCal Characterization files in the instrument firmware for subsequent use. A recommended best practice is to keep the cal kit serial number as part of the file name.
1. In the Select File Type area, select either the AutoCal Characterization or the Cal Kit radio button.
2. In the Open field, either enter the file name or click Browse to navigate manually.
• If AutoCal Characterization was selected, the file type will be an AutoCal Characterization ACD file.
• If Cal Kit was selected, the file type choices will be:
• Cal Kit Coefficient (CCF file)
• S1P/S2P Files (LST file)
• LRL/LRM Cal Kit Files (LCF file)
• Lightning Files
• Click Open to load the file or Cancel to return to the menu.
3. Clicking OK to accept opens the Install window. Click the Install button to load the file.
4. Clicking the Advanced button opens the Install (Advanced) dialog where the user can change the Cal Kit Label,Line Type, or the Install Location to install the LST CalKit to a User Defined install location.
SAVE (AUTOCAL CHARAC./CAL KIT) Dialog Box – 2-Port VNAs
Use the SAVE (AUTOCAL CHARACTERIZATION/CAL KIT) dialog to save a Calibration Kit Coefficients file or an AutoCal Characterization file from the VNA firmware to external location such as the instrument hard drive, a network drive, or an external memory device. This is useful for storing in the instrument hard drive multiple files from available cal kits or AutoCal modules.
An alternate method is to a Windows program such as File Manager to copy the file from the supplied USB memory device onto the hard drive. In that case, we recommend using the default locations mentioned later in this paragraph.
• MAIN | Calibration | CALIBRATION | Cal Kit/AutoCal Characterization | CAL KIT/AUTOCAL | Save Kit/Charac | SAVE (AUTOCAL CHARACTERIZATION/CAL KIT) Dialog Box
SAVE (AUTOCAL CHARACTERIZATION/CAL KIT FILE Dialog Box
1. AutoCal Characterization radio button selected at left. 2. Cal Kit radio button selected at right.
Save Dialog Button and Field Availability
The available buttons and fields on the dialog depend on the radio button selection in the Select File Type area.
• If AutoCal Characterization is selected, no other buttons/fields are available and instructions are immediately below.
• If Cal Kit is selected, the For Cal Kit Only area becomes available with fields for Line Type, Cal Method, and Cal Kit Name. Instructions are in the next sub-section following.
Instructions for AutoCal Characterization File Type
1. Click OK to save the AutoCal Characterization file.
• Click Cancel to stop the save.
2. The SAVE AS (AUTOCAL CHARACTERIZATION ACD FILE) dialog box appears.
3. Navigate to the required storage location:
• C:\AnritsuVNA\AutoCal is recommended.
4. Click Save. The system auto-returns to the Cal Kit/AutoCal menu.
• MAIN | Calibration | CALIBRATION | Cal Kit/AutoCal Characterization | CAL KIT/AUTOCAL | Display/Edit Info | CAL KIT INFO Dialog Box
CAL KIT INFO Dialog Box
1. Controls for AutoCal Characterization files at left. 2. Controls for Cal Kit files at right.
Note that when a User-Defined cal standard is selected, clicking the Display/Edit button opens the dialog shown in Figure: USER DEFINED Standard (SOLT/R) Dialog Box with S1P file Loaded and File View. There, the user can either Define Circuit Model (default) or select, load, and view an S1P file. S1P characterization files come with the 3652A-3 and 3652A-4 K-connector cal kits, and the 3654D-3, and 3654D-4 V-connector cal kits.
Button and Field Availability
The available buttons and fields on the dialog depend on the radio button selection in the Select File Type area.
• If AutoCal Characterization is selected, no other buttons/fields are available.
• If Cal Kit is selected, the For Cal Kit Only area becomes available with fields for Line Type, Cal Method, and Select Cal Standard.
Instructions
1. Select AutoCal Characterization or Cal Kit as required.
2. If Cal Kit was selected above, in the For Cal Kit Only area, select a Line Type value:
• Note that the dialog box title and content fields are dependent on the selections made in the steps above for Cal Method, Line Type, and Connector Type.
• For example, if:
• Calibration type is set to Full 2 Port (12 Term Cal)
• Calibration method is set to SOLT/SOLR
• Line type is set to Coaxial
• Connector type is set to V-Conn (M).
• The read-only dialog box is titled:
• STANDARD INFO (SOLT/R) STANDARD LABEL (V-Conn (M)) (shown below).
The user can view the contents of s1p files loaded in the different models by using the View S1P File button from all the USER DEFINED dialogs which are displayed for any Cal Setup (1-Port Cal, 2-Port Cal, 3-Port Cal and 4-Port Cal).
USER DEFINED Standard (SOLT/R) Dialog Box with S1P file Loaded and File View
1. From the Cal Kit Info dialog, the user may choose a User Defined value as a Cal Standard. On clicking the Display/Edit button, the dialog above is displayed.
2. Here, the user can either Define Circuit Model (default) or:
3. Select the Load S1P From File radio button to load the file.
4. Once the file is loaded, the user can view the .s1p file contents of the corresponding model(s).
Note
The S1P files loaded are saved as part of saving .cha setup (similar to cal kit saving).
RESTORE DEFAULT COEF. Dialog Box – 2-Port VNAs
Use the RESTORE DEFAULT COEF. dialog box to restore firmware-stored Cal Kit Coefficients fields back to their default coefficients. For best performance, either install the cal kit coefficients file supplied with your cal kit, or enter your user-defined coefficients before starting this procedure. The restore function is not available to AutoCal kits as they do not have restorable characterization data.
Use this dialog to restore factory coefficients to available calibration kits.
1. Select the Line Type as required.
2. Select the Calibration Kits as required to be restored.
3. Click OK.
Available Selections
The table below shows the available calibration kits in the Select Cal Kit field of the dialog box. The available kits depend on the input combination selected for Line Type Media and Cal Method
Calibration Kit Availability in the RESTORE DEFAULT COEF. Dialog Box
LINE TYPE Media Setting
CAL METHOD Setting
Available Calibration Kits
Coaxial
SOLT/SOLR
0.8 mm-Conn, W1-Conn, V-Conn, K-Conn, 2.4 mm, 2.4 mm V, GPC-3.5, SMA, N-Conn, N-Conn (75), GPC-7, 7/16, TNC
Shown at the left is the Deembed. Tools menu when Option 21 is not installed.
Network Extraction
Use network extraction to generate an S-Parameter (.s2p) file for a set of networks. The file can be embedded or de-embedded as required. Select displays the NETWORK EXTRACTION dialog box.
Adapter removal permits accurate measurement of non-insertable devices using an adapter of known electrical length and two full 12-term calibrations. Manual adapter removal extracts the behavior of the adapter from the setup after a successful calibration. Select displays the MANUAL ADAPTER REMOVAL dialog box.
Shown at the left is the Deembed. Tools menu when Option 21 is installed.
Ntwk. Extraction
2 Port Networks
Use network extraction to generate an S-Parameter (.s2p) file for a set of networks. The file can be embedded or de-embedded as required. Select displays the NETWORK EXTRACTION dialog box.
Sequential Extraction (Peeling) – Visible only with Option 21 Installed
Sequential Extraction will construct a .s2p or .s4p file based on a localization of the selected parameter to isolate a given defect. This process can be used to sequentially de-embed and identify additional defects.
Adapter removal permits accurate measurement of non-insertable devices using an adapter of known electrical length and two full 12-term calibrations. Manual adapter removal extracts the behavior of the adapter from the setup after a successful calibration. Select displays the MANUAL ADAPTER REMOVAL dialog box.
NETWORK EXTRACTION Main Dialog – 2-Port VNAs (No Option 21)
The network extraction features provide a method of generating an S-Parameter (.s2p) file for a set of networks. The.s2p file can then be embedded or de-embedded into the error coefficient of the VNA as required. Four extractable network configurations are provided.
NETWORK EXTRACTION Dialog Box – Choose the type of desired extraction from the four (4) buttons:
1. Type A – Extract one 2-Port Network – Adapter Extraction
2. Type B – Extract one 2-Port Network – Two Tier Calibration
3. Type C – Extract two 2-Port Networks – Inner and Outer Cals Available
4. Type D – Extract two 2-Port Networks – Outer Cal Only using divided-by-2 method
NETWORK EXTRACTION Main Dialog – 2-Port VNAs (Option 21)
The network extraction features provide a method of generating an S-Parameter (.s2p) file for a set of networks. The.s2p file can then be embedded or de-embedded into the error coefficient of the VNA as required. Six extractable network configurations are provided. From the Deembed. Menu, 2 Port Networks, open the corresponding Network Extraction Dialogs. Each of these are explained with more detail in Table: Network Extraction Type Definitions.
NETWORK EXTRACTION Dialog Box – Choose the type of desired extraction from the six (6) buttons:
1. Type A – Extract one 2-Port Network – Adapter Extraction
2. Type B – Extract one 2-Port Network – Two Tier Calibration With Full Standards
3. Type B – Extract one 2-Port Network – Two Tier Calibration With Flex Standards (Available only with Option 21 Universal Fixture Extraction installed)
4. Type C – Extract two 2-Port Networks – Inner and Outer Cals Available
5. Type D – Extract two 2-Port Networks – Multi-Standard (Available only with Option 21 Universal Fixture Extraction installed)
6. Type D – Extract two 2-Port Networks – Phase-Localized (Available only with Option 21 Universal Fixture Extraction installed)
7. Legend for Dialog Box Figures:
a – Location of one or more Reference Planes for Cal A
b – Location of one or more Reference Planes for Cal B
# – Locations “n” indicated Cal Type for n-Port
Instructions
The network extraction feature provides the method for generating the S-Parameter for a given set of networks. This generated.s2p file can then be embedded or de-embedded into the error coefficient for the VNA at a later stage. The dialog box provides four extraction choices accessible via large buttons. Each choice provides a separate configuration dialog box as described in the sections below.
• MAIN | Calibration | CALIBRATION | De-embedding Tools | DEEMBED. TOOLS | Network Extraction – 2-Port Networks | NETWORK EXTRACTION (2-PORT NETWORKS) Dialog Box | Type A – Adapter Extraction | NETWORK EXTRACTION [EXTRACT ONE 2-PORT NETWORK (TYPE A)
NETWORK EXTRACTION Dialog Box – Type A – Adapter Extraction
Use Type A Network Extraction to extract one (1) 2-Port network using adapter extraction.
Description
Network Extraction provides the means of generating SnP files of networks. The generated files can then be embedded or de-embedded. Port Swapping can be performed in the Embedding/De-embedding menus.
All calibration files must be full cals, of the same Cal type, and over the same exact frequency points.
Instructions
1. Use the Browse button to define the Cal A file path. Repeat to define the Cal B file path.
2. If necessary, enter the Estimated Delay in ps.
3. Select Perform Network Extraction to perform the extraction.
4. If the extraction is successful, follow the prompt to save the generated SnP files/s.
6. After the .SnP files have been saved, go to Measurement | Edit Embed/De-embed | Edit Network Configuration panel to recall the .SnP files and configure the network.
NETWORK EXTRACTION Dialog Box – Type B (No Option 21)
• MAIN | Calibration | CALIBRATION | De-embedding Tools | DEEMBED. TOOLS | Network Extraction – 2-Port Networks | NETWORK EXTRACTION (2-PORT NETWORKS) Dialog Box | Extract One 2-Port Network – Type B – Two Tier Calibration With Full Standards (Type B)] | Network Extraction [Extract One 2-Port Network (Type B)]
NETWORK EXTRACTION Dialog Box – Type B – Two Tier Calibration – With Full Standards
Use Type B Network Extraction to extract one (1) 2-Port network using available two tier calibration.
Description
Network Extraction provides the means of generating SnP files of networks. The generated files can then be embedded or de-embedded. Port Swapping can be performed in the Embedding/De-embedding menus.
Cal A and Cal B must share a common test port. Cal B in this extraction type must only be a full 1-port cal, which is ideal if a Thru is not available. Both cals must have the exact same frequency points.
Instructions
1. Use the Browse button to select the appropriate cal file(s).
2. If necessary, enter the Estimated Delay in ps.
3. Select Perform Network Extraction to perform the extraction.
4. If the extraction is successful, follow the prompt to save the generated SnP file(s).
6. After the .s2p files have been saved, go to Measurement | Edit Embed/De-embed | Edit Network configuration panel to recall the .s2p files and configure the network.
NETWORK EXTRACTION Dialog Box – Type B – Flex Standards (Option 21)
4. # of Standards: Three standards available; corresponding setup fields appear for up to three standards.
5. Standard (1, 2, 3) Standard: Selections for up to four standard types; Short, Open, Load, or S1P file (Provides File Browse navigation for .s1p files).
6. Short or Open or Setup: Setup field for Offset Length (mm) When Load is Selected: Load Setup has setup fields for Resistance, Inductance, and Offset Length (mm)
7. Loss: The loss per unit offset length of this standard, expressed in dB/mm at the reference frequency (fref) specified in the next entry. The loss (at other frequencies) scales as sqrt(f/fref) in dB terms. If fref=0, the loss is assumed to be independent of frequency.
8. @ Frequency: The reference frequency ((fref) in GHz) for the loss described above.
9. Estimated Delay (ps): An estimate of the network's electrical delay is entered. This is only used to help with root selection and need not be extremely accurate. Entering 0 will activate the automatic length estimator.
Type B – Two Tier Calibration With Flex Standards Extraction Setup Options
1. Selecting Short from the dropdown opens the setup options as shown.
2. Selecting Open from the dropdown opens the setup options as shown.
3. Selecting Load from the dropdown opens the setup options as shown.
4. Selecting S1P from the dropdown opens the setup options as shown.
5. Checking the Use Classical Open-Short box opens the setup options as shown. This selection sets up a special case of the 2-standards scenario where a zero offset open and short are used and the fixture arm is assumed to be electrically short. When selected, dialog options adjust as shown.
If the option Quick Extract is selected, and after Perform Network Extraction is executed, the above dialog appears with a pre-loaded Networks table using newly created .SnP files.
Instructions
Network Extraction provides the means of generating SnP files of networks. The generated files can then be embedded or de-embedded. Port Swapping can be performed in the Embedding/De-embedding menus.
For this particular form of network extraction (two-tier calibration with flex standards or generalized type B), it is assumed that a calibration (at least full-one-port) at plane 'a' exists and is turned on. One or more standards will then be connected at plane 'b'. One to three standards can be selected and accuracy generally increases with more standards if those standards are well-known (offset lengths known, etc.).
Procedure (Use Classical Open-Short Is Not Selected)
1. Make sure the appropriate calibration is active (full 1 port cal (at least)).
2. Select the port being used and the desired number of standards.
3. Enter an estimate of the network's electrical delay. This is only used to help with root selection and need not be extremely accurate. Entering 0 will activate the automatic length estimator.
4. Define the standards being used (offset length, etc.). Note if two standards are of the same type, they should have different parameters.
5. Enter the file names and path where the output .s2p files will be stored. The Quick Extract option can be used instead: a time-stamped file will be saved to a predetermined hard disk location and the de-embedding engine will automatically load those files. Remember to keep track of available disk space.
6. Connect each standard sequentially and click the appropriate Measure button when ready. When the sweep is complete, a check will appear in the box and the button will turn green.
7. When all desired standards have been measured, click on Perform Network Extraction. If successful, a confirmation dialog will appear.
9. If Quick Extract was not selected, after the .s2p files have been saved, go to Measurement | Edit Embed/De-embed | Edit Network configuration panel to recall the .s2p files and configure the network.
Procedure (Use Classical Open-Short Is Selected)
1. Select the port being used.
2. Enter an estimate of the network's electrical delay. This is only used to help with root selection and need not be extremely accurate. Entering 0 will activate the automatic delay estimator.
3. Enter the file names where the output .s2p files will be stored. The Quick Extract option can be used instead: the file will be saved to a predetermined hard disk location and the de-embedding engine will automatically load those files.
4. Connect each standard sequentially and click the appropriate Measure button when ready. When the sweep is complete, a check will appear in the box and the button will turn green.
5. When all desired standards have been measured, click on Perform Network Extraction.
7. If Quick Extract was not selected, after the .s2p files have been saved, go to Measurement | Edit Embed/De-embed | Edit Network configuration panel to recall the .s2p files and configure the network.
• MAIN | Calibration | CALIBRATION | De-embedding Tools | DEEMBED. TOOLS | Ntwk. Extraction – 2 Port Networks | NETWORK EXTRACTION (2 Port Networks) Dialog Box | Extract Two 2-Port Networks | Extract Two 2-Port Networks – Type C – Inner and Outer Cals Available | NETWORK EXTRACTION [EXTRACT TWO 2-PORT NETWORKS (TYPE C)] dialog box
NETWORK EXTRACTION Dialog Box – Type C – Inner and Outer Cals
Use Type C Network Extraction to extract two (2) 2-Port networks using available Inner and Outer calibrations.
Description
Network Extraction provides the means of generating SnP files of networks. The generated files can then be embedded or de-embedded. Port Swapping can be performed in the Embedding/De-embedding menus.
All calibration files must be Full cals, of the same Cal type, and over the same exact frequency points.
Instructions:
1. Use the Browse button to define the appropriate cal file(s) path. Note that CalB is the inner file and CalA is the outer file.
2. Select Perform Network Extraction to perform the extraction.
3. If the extraction is successful, follow the prompt to save the generated SnP files(s).
5. After the .SnP files have been saved, go to Measurement | Edit Embed/De-embed | Edit Network configuration panel to recall the .SnP files and configure the network.
NETWORK EXTRACTION Dialog Box – Type D (No Option 21)
• MAIN | Calibration | CALIBRATION | De-embedding Tools | DEEMBED. TOOLS | Ntwk. Extraction – 2 Port Networks | NETWORK EXTRACTION (2 Port Networks) Dialog Box | Extract Two 2-Port Networks | Extract Two 2-Port Networks – Type D – Outer Cal Only, using divide-by-2 method | NETWORK EXTRACTION [EXTRACT TWO 2-PORT NETWORKS (TYPE D)] dialog box
NETWORK EXTRACTION Dialog Box – Type D (Without Option 21)
Description
Network Extraction provides the means of generating SnP files of networks. The generated files can then be embedded or de-embedded. Port Swapping can be performed in the Embedding/De-embedding menus.
These extraction types are for cases where an inner-cal is not possible. The network measured is assumed symmetrical, and SnP files generated using Divide-by-2 schemes. An option is given to neglect fixture match terms instead of fully allocating them to the outer-ports.
Procedure
1. Make sure the appropriate calibration is active.
2. Select Neglect fixture match if needed (this sets all reflection terms to 0 and may be helpful if the fixture is extremely unrepeatable).
3. Connect the network and select Perform Network Extraction.
4. If the extraction is successful, follow the prompt to save the generated SnP files/s.
5. After the .SnP files have been saved, go to Measurement | Edit Embed/De-embed | Edit Network configuration panel to recall the .SnP files and configure the network.z
NETWORK EXTRACTION Dialog Box – Type D – Multi-Standards (Option 21)
TYPE D – Multi Standards Dialog – Extraction Selections
1. Checking Line 2 Length box opens a dialog to adjust length and frequency-dependent line loss.
2. Checking Reflect box and selecting Short from the dropdown opens the dialog as shown.
3. Checking Reflect box and selecting Open from the dropdown opens the dialog as shown.
4. Checking Reflect box and selecting Load from the dropdown opens the dialog as shown.
5. Checking Reflect box and selecting S1P from the dropdown opens the dialog as shown.
Description
Network Extraction provides the means of generating SnP files of networks. The generated files can then be embedded or de-embedded. Port Swapping can be performed in the Embedding/De-embedding menus.
Application
These extraction types are for cases where an inner-cal is not possible. The network measured is assumed symmetrical, and SnP files generated using Divide-by-2 schemes. An option is given to neglect fixture match terms (i.e., to neglect mismatch of the network).
Instructions
1. Make sure the appropriate 2-port calibration is active for Type D.
2. Select Neglect fixture match if needed (this sets all reflection terms to 0 and may be helpful if the fixture is extremely unrepeatable).
3. Select the number of standards to be used and their definitions. Line 1 is always required.
4. Connect each standard (or standards in the case of Reflect; all ports must have the Reflect connected simultaneously) before pressing Measure.
5. Enter the file names and path where the output .s2p files will be stored. The Quick Extract option can be used instead: time stamped files will be saved to a predetermined hard disk location and the de-embedding engine will automatically load those files. Remember to keep track of available disk space.
6. When all fields have been entered and all standards measurements have been completed (all of the check boxes marked and the buttons turn green), press Perform Network Extraction. If successful, a confirmation dialog will appear.
8. If Quick Extract was not selected, after the .s2p files have been saved, go to Measurement | Edit Embed/De-embed | Edit Network configuration panel to recall the .s2p files and configure the network.
NETWORK EXTRACTION Dialog Box – Type D – Phase-Localized (Option 21)
TYPE D – Phase-Localized Dialog – Reflect Extraction Setup Variations
1. Checking Reflectand selecting Automatic Processing opens the dialog as shown.
2. Checking Reflectand selecting Manual Control opens the dialog as shown.
3. Note that when Manual Control is selected, the Delay to Central Fixture Interface Location is enabled.
Description
This will construct .s2p files based on a thru or reflect measurement using a single fixture arm or a two-port fixture pair. Phase localization processing is used to aid the extraction.
To do this phase localization, the frequency list must be relatively uniform (no CW or log sweep and segmented sweep step sizes should not deviate more than 3% from the mean) and the range should be large enough that the total fixture length (ns)>5/(frequency range (GHz)). The frequency step should be small enough that the total fixture length (ns) < 0.3/(Frequency step (GHz)).
Instructions:
1. Make sure the appropriate 2-port calibration is active for Type D (or 1-port for reflect-based version on a single port).
2. Select Neglect fixture match if needed (this sets all reflection terms to 0 and may be helpful if the fixture is extremely unrepeatable).
3. Select the measurement type (using thru or reflect standards). Note that for Reflection, the type of reflection must be the same on all ports.
4. Define the standards being used (offset length, transmission or reflection magnitude, include the sign of reflection)
5. Enter an estimate of the network's electrical delay (both sides of the fixture pair). Entering 0 will activate the automatic length estimator. If using a Reflect measurement, this can be further refined selecting Manual Control where the fixture halves can be treated as asymmetric and only one side can be done if desired.
6. Enter the file names where the output .s2p files will be stored. The Quick Extract option can be used instead: time stamped files will be saved to a predetermined hard disk location and the de-embedding engine will automatically load those files. Remember to keep track of available disk space.
7. When all fields have been entered and proper connection of the standard or standards have been made, click on Perform Network Extraction. If successful, files will automatically be saved and a confirmation dialog will appear.
9. If Quick Extract was not selected, after the .s2p files have been saved, go to Measurement | Edit Embed/De-embed | Edit Network configuration panel to recall the .s2p files and configure the network.
Sequential Extraction will construct a .s2p or .s4p file based on a localization of the selected parameter to isolate a given defect. This process can be used to sequentially de-embed and identify additional defects.
3. Reflection parameter selected is SDD(1:2), Mixed Mode Selection Defect Model is Crossbar Z, file type would be .s4p
Description
Sequential Extraction will construct a .s2p or .s4p file based on a model of an isolated defect (treated as lumped). This process can be used to sequentially de-embed and identify additional defects.
Notes
• The Reflection Parameter selection is dynamic and will be based on active cal settings. Note: If no active cal is in place or cal is off, the Reflection Parameter drop down list will be disabled with a note indicating a calibration requirement.
• If the Reflection Parameter is switched between standard and mixed, the file name will be cleared. The Browse button on file name will bring up appropriate filter (.s2p or .s4p) based on current selected reflect parameter.
• When Perform Sequential Extraction is selected, measurement will be taken and the processing of the mixed mode will occur internally.
Instructions
1. Select the Reflection Parameter to be used in the localization. Note: If no active cal is in place or cal is off, the Reflection Parameterdrop down list will be disabled with a note indicating requirement.
2. Enter an estimated defect location. This is only used to help with root selection and need not be extremely accurate. Entering 0 will activate the automatic length estimator.
3. Select the Defect Model (shunt admittance Y, series impedance Z, or in the case of differential parameters, a crossbar impedance).
4. Select Include Reflect Standard to include the reflect standard to help compensate for loss between the reference plane and the defect of interest. The location of the reflect standard should be entered (enter 0 for auto estimation; the largest response will be assumed to be the reflect standard and, if auto length is also used for the defect, the next larger and closer-in response will be assumed to be the defect). The reflection coefficient of the standard must be entered and is assumed to be real. Uncheck Include Reflect Standard to omit this correction.
5. When all fields have been entered and proper connection has been made, click on Perform Sequential Extraction.
Use manual adapter removal to extract the electrical behavior of an adapter after a successful calibration procedure. This is especially useful when the DUT configuration is not entirely compatible with common calibration procedures such as having different connectors at each end.
Adapter removal permits accurate measurement of non-insertable devices. The process involves using an adapter of known electrical length and performing two full 12-term calibrations. In the procedure below, the Y file is the file with the calibration when the adapter connected to port 1 and the X file is the file with the calibration when the adapter connected to port 2.
Procedure
1. Connect the adapter to port X, where X signifies any port. Perform a full 12-term (Full 2 Port) calibration using Y' and Y as the test ports and store the calibration to disk.
2. Connect the adapter to port Y, where Y signifies any port that is not X. Perform a full 12-term calibration using X and X' as the test ports and store calibration to disk.
3. Call up the X and Y files.
4. Input the estimated adapter electrical length.
5. Select Perform Adapter Removal to remove adapter.
ALTERNATIVE CALS Menu – 2-Port VNAs
Use the ALTERNATIVE CALS menu to hybridize and merge calibrations.
• MAIN | Calibration | CALIBRATION | Alternative Cals| ALTERNATIVE CALS
CAL KIT/AUTOCAL Menu – 2-Port VNAs
Hybrid Cal
Hybrid calibrations take two 1-port calibrations and hybridize them into a 2-port calibration, which allows a mixed-media calibration for a device that may have coaxial and waveguide connections. Select displays the HYBRID CAL menu where the hybrid calibration is configured.
Available only on 2-port instruments with Option 7, Receiver Offset (disabled when Option 7 is not installed and when a 4-port test set is connected). Allows a version of hybrid calibrations (mentioned above) for frequency converting devices (mixers) to take two enhanced match calibrations and hybridize them into a new enhanced match calibration with the input media of the first calibration and the output media of the second calibration. This allows a mixed-media calibration for a device that may have coaxial and waveguide connections. Select displays the ENHANCED MATCH CAL SETUP dialog where the hybrid calibration is configured.
Cal Merge allows merging two calibration files into a single file where the calibrations can use different methods at different frequencies. The calibrations must be of the same calibration type. Select displays the CAL MERGE dialog box.
• MAIN | Calibration | CALIBRATION | Alternative Cals| ALTERNATIVE CALS | Hybrid Cal | HYBRID CAL
CAL OPTIONS (CALIBRATION OPTIONS) Menu
Hybrid Cal Setup
Hybrid calibrations take two 1-port calibrations and hybridizes them into a 2-port calibration which allows a mixed-media calibration for a device that may have coaxial and waveguide connections. It also allows 2-port calibrations where the two 1-port calibrations are not restricted to be the same type. Select displays the HYBRID CAL SETUP dialog box where the hybrid calibration is configured.
After the hybridized calibration has been configured in the HYBRID CAL SETUP dialog box, make sure all through connections are complete. When ready to proceed, select the Thru button to start the hybridization. The display dims for a few seconds, and then reappears with a completion check box.
Done
If the Done button is unavailable, the hybrid calibration has not been successfully completed. After a successful completion, the Done button is available. Select returns to the CALIBRATION menu where the Cal Status button is set to ON.
• MAIN | Calibration | CALIBRATION | Alternative Cals| ALTERNATIVE CALS | Hybrid Cal | HYBRID CAL | Hybrid Cal Setup | HYBRID CAL SETUP Dialog Box
HYBRID CAL SETUP Dialog Box – 2-Port VNAs
Instructions
A hybrid calibration takes two 1-port calibrations and hybridizes them into a 2-port calibration. This allows a mixed-media calibration for a device that may have both coaxial and waveguide connections. It also allows 2-port calibrations where the two 1-port calibrations are not restricted to the same line type.
Hybridizing Two 1-Port Cals into a 2-Port Cal
In the File 1 field, select the Browse button to navigate to the appropriate Channel Setup and Calibration (CHX) file for the first calibration.
Repeat for the File 2 field.
Thru/Recip Selection
The figure shows the relationship between the two ports and the Thru 1-2 Info button is automatically selected.
OK
When both files have been identified, select OK to return to the HYBRID CAL menu.
HYBRID ENHANCED MATCH CAL SETUP Dialog Box – 2-Port VNAs
• 2-Port VNA (disabled when a 4-port test set is connected).
Navigation
• MAIN | Calibration | CALIBRATION | Alternative Cals| ALTERNATIVE CALS | Hybrid Enhanced Match Cal | HYBRID ENHANCED MATCH CAL Dialog Box
HYBRID CAL SETUP Dialog Box – 2-Port VNAs
Instructions
Available only on 2-port instruments with Option 7, Receiver Offset (disabled when Option 7 is not installed and when a 4-port test set is connected). Allows a version of hybrid calibrations for frequency converting devices (mixers) to take two enhanced match calibrations and hybridize them into a new enhanced match calibration with the input media of the first calibration and the output media of the second calibration. This allows a mixed-media calibration for a device that may have coaxial and waveguide connections.
Hybridizing Two 1-Port Cals into a 2-Port Cal
In the File 1 [DUT Input] field, select the Browse button to navigate to the appropriate Channel Setup and Calibration (CHX) file for the first calibration.
Repeat for the File 2 [DUT Output] field.
Description of output adapter Section
Select the output adapter of Trans. Line or S2P File:
• Trans. Line: Enter the transmission line parameters.
• S2P File: Select the Load S2P File button to navigate to and load the appropriate S2P file. Select Swap port assignment if required.
Note
The Trans. Line and S2P File setup areas are mutually exclusive.
Perform Cal
When the setup above is complete, select Perform Cal to initiate the calibration.
CAL MERGE Dialog Box – 2-Port VNAs
Calibration merge allows merging two calibration files into a single file where the prior calibrations can use different methods (such as SOLT and SSLT) at different frequencies. The calibrations must be the same calibration type (such as Full 1 Port) and be available on the instrument hard drive. Calibration merge has other requirements (described below) as to the number of points, start and stop frequencies, and front panel settings.
• MAIN | Calibration | CALIBRATION | Alternative Cals| ALTERNATIVE CALS | Cal Merge | CAL MERGE Dialog Box
CAL MERGE Dialog Box
Instructions
Calibration merge (cal merge) allows the merging of two RF calibration files into a single file. The RF calibrations can use different methods and different frequencies.
Requirements and Notes
• The two RF calibrations must be of the same cal type (such as Full 2 Port) and must be stored on the VectorStar VNA hard drive.
• The combined frequency list for the two source cal files cannot exceed the maximum allowable instrument points, which is either 25,000 or 100,000 points depending on MAX POINTS menu selection.
• The frequency lists and matching correction terms are combined. For the frequencies which coincide, the terms from the first cal file are used.
• The start and stop frequencies are adjusted to include the entire frequency range provided by the two cal files.
• The first cal file provides all other front panel setup configuration information.
• Since Cal Merge can result in a non-discrete step size, the cal merge file sweep type is set to a frequency-based segmented sweep.
Procedure
1. In the dialog box, select Browse to select the appropriate cal files (e.g. calfile1.chx and calfile2.chx).
2. Click the First File or Second File Browse button to display an OPEN (Setup.cal File) dialog box.
3. Select Perform Cal Merge to perform the merge of the frequency lists and matching correction terms.
4. If required, enter the Cutoff Frequency in kHz.
5. Click Perform Cal Merge to merge the calibration files.
6. If the selected files are incorrect, a warning message is displayed.
7. Best practices recommend saving the resultant Cal Merge file, but a save is not required.
